Five-Year Plans were the main instruments of planned economic development in India from 1951 to 2017 They aimed to designate resources efficiently, promote growth, minimize inequalities, and improve social well-being
1 Intro to Five-Year Plans
- Started: 1951, after independence, inspired by the Soviet-style prepared economic climate
- Function: Accomplish balanced advancement throughout sectors and regions.
- Preparation Body: Planning Commission of India (changed by NITI Aayog in2015
- Range: National, sectoral, and local preparation including farming, industry, facilities, social services, and environment.
2 Growth Approaches in Different Stages
a) First Plan (1951– 1956: Agricultural and Framework Focus
- Emphasis: Farming, irrigation, energy, and transportation
- Approach: Growth with stability → emphasize food manufacturing and standard infrastructure.
b) 2nd Strategy (1956– 1961: Automation
- Focus: Heavy industry, steel plants, and industrial base
- Technique: Mahalanobis model → financial investment in capital goods market for long-lasting development.
c) 3rd Strategy (1961– 1966: Self-reliance and Stability
- Emphasis: Balanced development in between agriculture and industry.
- Approach: Blended strategy; influenced by Indo-China war (1962 → curtailed sources.
d) Fourth Plan (1969– 1974: Growth with Stability
- Focus: Boost farming production (Environment-friendly Change) and industrial development.
- Method: Address food security and work
e) Fifth Plan (1974– 1979: Poverty Alleviation
- Focus: Garibi Hatao (Remove Destitution) → country development, employment programs.
- Strategy: Social justice and inclusive growth ; strengthened planning for bad.
f) Sixth Strategy (1980– 1985: Technical and Industrial Growth
- Focus: Facilities modernization, modern technology, energy, and transport.
- Technique: Well balanced regional development, minimize inequalities, modernize markets.
g) Seventh Plan (1985– 1990: Social Justice and Human Being Growth
- Emphasis: Work, education and learning, health, social well-being.
- Strategy: People-centric preparation , focus on backwoods and backwards regions.
h) Eighth Plan (1992– 1997: Post-Liberalization Development
- Emphasis: Economic liberalization, industry, IT, exports.
- Technique: Market-oriented reforms , motivate economic sector investment, facilities growth.
i) Ninth Plan (1997– 2002: Social Growth
- Emphasis: Hardship reduction, employment, education and learning, and health.
- Approach: Pro-poor growth , well balanced local growth.
j) Tenth Plan (2002– 2007: Faster and A Lot More Inclusive Development
- Focus: Economic development + social justice.
- Approach: Inclusive development , targeted programs for marginalized communities.
k) Eleventh Plan (2007– 2012: Inclusive Growth
- Emphasis: Reduce destitution, regional disparities, ecological sustainability.
- Method: Enhance country incomes, framework, and social services
l) Twelfth Strategy (2012– 2017: Faster, Sustainable, and Much More Inclusive Development
- Focus: Facilities, human growth, employment, lasting development.
- Strategy: Integrate financial effectiveness, social justice, and ecological sustainability
3 Secret Advancement Approaches Across Strategies
| Strategy | Functions | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Development | Environment-friendly Change, irrigation, food security | First and Fourth Plans |
| Automation & & Funding Goods | Hefty market, facilities | Secondly & & Sixth Plans |
| Hardship Alleviation | Rural employment, social programs | Fifth & & Ninth Plans |
| Inclusive & & Person Growth | Health, education, sex equality | Seventh, Tenth, Eleventh Plans |
| Liberalization & & Market-Oriented Growth | Economic sector financial investment, exports | Eighth Plan onwards |
| Sustainable Development | Ecological problems, renewable resource | Twelfth Plan |
4 Trick Takeaways
- Five-Year Plans were India’s key tool for resource appropriation, sectoral focus, and socio-economic growth
- Strategies evolved from farming and automation → poverty alleviation and social justice → liberalization and inclusive growth → sustainable growth
- Preparation emphasized balanced regional development, human growth, and minimizing inequalities